Semester I

Total Credits- 20 points; Total Hours-14 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 26

^* A student can choose any 1 specialized course of 4 credits and 1 elective of 3 credits to fulfill a total of 20 credit points.

Marine Ecosystems

Module No. MS. 1101

1^st Semester

Course Description

Introduction to marine ecology; Ecological aspects: Interactions between marine environments and marine species; Biological communities; Major types of marine ecosystems: Pelagic, benthic, estuarine, seagrasses, mangroves, seaweeds, coral reefs and related ecosystems; Ecosystem structures: Pelagic food web, pond ecosystem and energy flows through an ecosystem; The efficiency of energy transfer and trophic pyramid; Energy inputs and outputs; Coastal zone; Organic production; The water cycles; The nitrogen cycle; The carbon cycle; The phosphorous cycle; Biotic factors of ecosystems; Abiotic factors of ecosystems.

Learning Outcomes

1. To develop an understanding of ecosystem function in a diverse arrays of Marine Ecosystem ranging from the tropics to the poles.
2. To explore major patterns of biodiversity in the ocean.
3. To develop apply skills for studying marine ecology.

Biological Oceanography I

Module No. MS. 1102

1^st Semester

Course Description

Variety of lifes in the oceans; Systematics: Taxonomy and phylogenetics of marine life: Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Taxonomic categories and the binomial system of nomenclature; Darwin’s theory of evolution; Life’s fundamentals; Components of a typical plant cell and an animal cell; The nature and diversity of cells; Components of eukaryotic cells; Limits on cell size, tissues, organs and systems; Photosynthesis and respiration; DNA structures and functions; Cell divisions: Mitosis and meiosis; Mechanisms of support and movement; Digestion and nutrition; Respiration, circulation, homeostasis, hormonal control, nervous control, reproduction and development; Links between cell biology and ecosystem functions; Colonization in the sea: Pelagic organisms; Organisms on continental edges, shelf, continental slope and abyssal; Life in hydrothermal vents; extremophiles; Life in coral reefs; Life in estuaries; Life in mangroves; Life in muddy, sandy and rocky shores.

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand major definitions and key concepts in the field of biological Oceanography.
2. To gain knowledge on important ocean environments and ecosystems and to describe the key role of the oceans in the earth environment.
3. To be aware of the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on marine organisms and be able to describe potential threats of climate change, pollution and harvesting activities to the marine environment.

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Semester II

Total Credits- 20 points; Total Hours-14 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 26

^*A student can choose any 1 specialized course of 4 credits and 1 elective of 3 credits to fulfill a total of 20 credit points.

General Oceanography

Module No. MS. 1103

2^nd Semester

 Course Description

The earth and the ocean basin; Distribution of water and land; Relief of sea floor; Major feature of topography and terminology; Major divisions of the oceans; Ocean waves: Definition and terms; Classification, difference between surface and long waves; Wave theories: Surface wave generation and spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; Spilling and breaking waves; Long waves; Tsunamis, seiches; Internal waves; Ocean tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon and elementary tidal definition; Tidal inequalities; Tide producing forces types of tides, tidal bores and tide prediction; Ocean currents: Definitions and features; Measurements of currents; Direct and indirect methods; Forces acting on seawaters; Drift currents; Ekman spirals, upwelling, sinking and gradient currents; Thermohaline circulation; Significance of some major ocean currents of the world; El-Nino; Physical properties of seawater: Salinity and chlorinity, temperature, thermal properties of seawater, colligative and other properties of seawater; General distribution of temperature, salinity and density; Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST) and subsurface; Distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagram; Water masses of the Indian oceans; Chemistry of seawater: Constancy of compositions of elements present in seawater; Artificial seawater; Dissolved gases in seawater; CO₂ system and alkalinity; Inorganic agencies affecting composition of seawater; Distribution of phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, silicates and manganese in the oceans, factors influencing their distribution.

 Learning Outcomes

1. To examine the use of scientific methodology through the history of geographical and scientific exploration of the ocean system.
2. To describe the ocean system as an integral part of Earth's environment, with emphasis on those features and processes that are uniquely oceanic.
3. To analyze the chemical and physical properties of seawater, and the importance that these properties have in maintenance of life on the planet.
4. To describe the distributions of temperature, salinity and density in the oceans, and how the oceans achieve these distributions.
5. To examine the impact of waves, ocean currents, and tides on the ocean system. Describe the impact of these processes on climate, maritime operations and human exploitation of the marine environment.

Biological Oceanography II

Module No. MS. 1104

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Marine life forms: Pelagic organisms and benthic organisms; Organization of marine biological system: Producers, consumers, detritivores and decomposers; Size and structure; Development cycles; Metabolism and feeding; Cells and the basic energy; Cells and entropy; Chemical reactions and the agents of energy, ATP: The cell’s main energy carrier; Enzymes: Facilitator for biological reactions; Metabolisms: The dynamic cell’s chemical tasks, passive transport, diffusion, pigments; Energy capture in the reaction center; Types of bacteria; Nutrients: Energy and materials to sustain life; Digestion: Animal strategies for consuming and using food; Food webs: Trophic and energetic pyramids, flux of organic matter and energy; Abiotic and biotic factors on ecological development of populations and productivity.

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand detail biological and physiological aspects of Marine life forms in both Pelagic and benthic organisms.
2. To gain knowledge on the energy flow or nutrient cycling in the ocean.

Semester I

Total Credits- 21 points; Total Hours-15 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 27. 

^*A student can choose any 1 specialized course of 4 credits and 2 electives of 3 credits in accord with specialized course to fulfill a total of 21 credit points.

Biometrics

Module No. MS. 2101

1^st Semester

Course Description

Preliminary concept; Sampling methods; Frequency distributions; Binomial and poisson distribution; Measures of central tendency; Measures of dispersion; Relative measures of dispersion; Estimation of mean and variance; Distribution of means; Standard error; Confidence limits; Theory of probability; Simple linear regression and correlation.

Learning Outcomes

1. Capable of analyzing existing theories, methods and interpretations in the field of biometrics and working independently on solving theoretical and practical problems.
2. Use relevant scientific methods in independent research and development in biometrics.
3. Capable of performing critical analysis of various literature sources and applying them in structuring and formulating scientific reasoning in biometrics.
4. Capable of carrying out an independent limited research or development project in biometrics under supervision, following the applicable ethical rules.

Navigation and Boatworks

Module No. MS. 2102

1^st Semester

Course Description

The earth as a magnet; Its magnetic poles and magnetic equator; Navigational aids- The magnetic compass; The magnetic median, gyro compass, sextant, bearing instruments, their construction errors and use; The traverse table; Navigation chart projection: Chart- abbreviations and symbols, type of charts and chart reading; Sounding struments- lead lines and echo sounder, their principles and use; The terrestrial sphere and its properties; Some terrestrial definitions; Difference Latitude (D. Lat) and Difference Longitude (D. Long); Crossing the 180 meridian; Problems of D. Lat and D. Long; Problems of relationship between nautical mile, statute mile and kilometers; Variation; Deviation of the compass; The mariner’s compass; The correction of course and bearing; The Gyro compass; The sailing: The parallel sailing formula and its applications; Parallel sailing; Problems of sailing: Plane and middle latitude saliling; Mercator Chart Projection; Difference of Meridional Parts (DMP); Terrestrial position lines: Methods of determining a position line; The terrestrial sphere and its properties (Great and small circles - spherical angles, equator, poles, parallels and meridians, latitude and longitude and nautical mile and knot); Relationship between nautical mile, statute mile and kilometers; The Rhumb line; Direction on the earth’s surface: Deviation and error of the compass, the Mariner's compass in points, quadrants and degree; Terrestrial position lines: The methods of obtaining terrestrial position lines and plotting position lines on square paper.

Learning Outcome

1. Fundamental aspects of the international regulations to prevent collisions at sea, such as the conduct of vessels in sight of one another, navigation lights and markers, major light and accoustic signals, maritime signalling and buoys.
2. Know the geographic area in detail; know where different organisations carry out operations.
3. The internationally agreed-upon set of safety procedures, types of equipment and communication protocols used to increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed ships and boats.
4. Understand maritime transportation technology and stay up-to-date with the latest findings in the field. Apply this knowledge in operations and decision-making while on-board.
5. Various evaluation techniques, theories, and tools applicable in the assessment of students, participants in a programme, and employees. Different assessment strategies such as initial, formative, summative and self- assessment are used for varying purposes.
6. Gain theoretical and practical knowledge of safety equipment used in vessels, including devices such as lifeboats, life rings, splash doors and fire doors, sprinkler systems, etc. Operate equipment during emergency situations.

Marine Invertebrates

Module No. MS. 2103

1^st Semester

 Course Description

The principles of systematics and classification of invertebrate animal groups: Classification and characteristics of Phylum Protozoa; Classification and characteristics of Phylum Porifera; Classification and charac-teristics of Phylum Coelenterata; Classification and characteristics of Phylum Ctenophora; Classification and characteristics of Phylum Annelida; Classification and characteristics of Phylum Chaetognatha; Classification and characteristics of Phylum Mollusca; Classification and characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda; Classification and characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata; Taxonomic assessment on meiofaunas; Meiofaunas in the sediments; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the structure and function of invertebrate animals found in the marine environment.
2. Understand the diversity of marine organisms.
3. Understand the use of classificatory schemes and taxonomic guides.
4. Recognise the body forms and key species among the major marine phyla and the evolutionary trends that they represent.
5. Laboratory-based practical skills: principally recording information in the form of annotated biological drawings and use of microscopes.
6. Safety awareness and skills: principally, handling of preserved material and dissection tools in a safe manner and associated risk assessments.

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Semester II

Total Credits- 21 points;Total Hours-15 (Lecture)+12(Practical & Field Training) = 27. 

        ^*A student can choose any 1 specialized course of 4 credits and 2 electives of 3 credits in accord with specialized course to fulfill a total of 21 credit points.

Physical Oceanography

Module No. MS. 2107

2^nd Semester

 Course Description

The nature of seawater: Solvent and thermal properties of water, surface tension, density, salinity of ocean water; Air-sea interactions: Physical properties of ocean water, solar energy, heat budget of the oceans, climate patterns, weather, formation and impacts of El Niño/La Niña on marine environments, renewable sources of energy; Ocean circulation: Horizontal circulation, Antarctic circulation, Atlantic circulation, Pacific and Indian oceans circulations, vertical circulation, currents; Waves: Wave characteristics, wind generated waves-sea, swell, surf, wave refraction, wave reflection, storm surge; Tides: Tide genetating forces, equilibrium theory of tides, the rotating earth, combined effects of sun and moon, effects of declination, effects of distance, equilibrium tide, prediction, dynamical theory of tides, types of tides, tides in rivers; Dense water formation: Open ocean deep convection, air-sea buoyancy fluxes, conditions and phases of the open ocean deep convection, deep convection and ecosystem functioning; Coastal upwelling: World ocean coastal upwelling, methods of studies, influence on the ecosystem; Strait exchange: Estuarine and anti-estuarine circulation, case studies; Conveyor belt: Definition, components, conveyor belt and climate; Wind-driven circulation: Ekman layer, world ocean wind-driven circulation; Semi-enclosed bays and lagoons: Water exchange through inlets, tidal forcing, wind-driven circulation.

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand the ocean dynamics solving the classical problems of the wind driven ocean circulation for the world open ocean areas, starting from the Ekman and ending with the quasigeostrophic vorticity dynamics.
2. Giving the Planetary gravity and Rossby wave motion with discussion in details ending with a short introduction to the overturning climatic circulation of the oceans.

Chemical Oceanography

Module No. MS. 2108

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Seawater – electrolytic solution (chemical composit ion, pH, salinity, ionic pairs, complexes, chelates, hydrolysis, determination of actual and apparent ionic states, dissolved gases); Regulation of chemical composition of seawater (evaporation, precipitation, atmospheric and river inputs, dissolution, influence of biological processes and life cycles); Model systems of the sea and seawater; Major and minor constituents in the seas; Dissolved gases other than oxygen; Trace metals; Radionuclides; Organic constituents; Origin of organic matters in the sea: Primary production and input of allochtonous organic substances; Dissolved, colloidal and particulate organic matters: Content, concentration and chemical composition, residence time; Organic matters in sediments and diagenetic processes; Processes that control distribution of biogenic organic matters in seawater: Biological processes of production and degradation; Eutrophication; Transport by physical processes; Physico-chemical processes at natural phase boundaries; Adsorption, aggregation processes; Photochemical processes; Interactions of organic matters with trace metals: Organic ligands and complexation, acid-base properties; Methods of organic matter analysis: Dissolved (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), physico-chemical speciation, specific organic compounds, biomarkers, radioisotopes, complexing capacity; Organic matters in the estuary: Input and transformation processes; Water and sediment quality; Bioacumination of chemicals in ecosystems; Marine pollution of hazardous chemicals: Criteria of chemical analysis on organochlorine compounds (OCs) representing persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organotin compounds, polyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals; Contamination of OCs such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), and HCB (hexachlorobenzene) of Asian coastal waters; Currents status of radioactive levels in the coastal waters of Asian region.

Learning Outcomes

1. Give a basic introduction to chemical oceanography and useful methods applied within analytical work and modelling to interpret the distribution of substances and identifying processes causing their distribution.
2. To know about the chemical substances in the ocean
   and on interactions between the water column, the sediment, and the atmosphere

Marine Vertebrates

Module No. MS. 2109

2^nd Semester

Course Description

General characteristics of Chordate; Classification of Chordate; Forms and structures of adult Ascidian; The structures of Amphioxus; The structure of lamprey; The general characters of Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes; External features of bony fishes; The general characters of Amphibians; The general characters of Reptiles; The general characters of Aves; The general characters of Mammalia; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. Describe the characteristics of chordates and marine vertebrates.
2. Identify the main marine vertebrate taxa.
3. Determine the ecology including migration patterns and behaviour of marine vertebrates.

Semester I

Total Credits- 22 points; Total Hours-16 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) =28.  ^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course along with 1 core course of 4 credits and 1 elective of 3 credits in accord with specialized course to fulfill a total of 22 credit points. *represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and   ** stands for the subject of geological specialization.

Resources Management

Module No. MS. 3101

1^st Semester

Course Description

Introduction to resources management; Concepts, principles and models; Management of shared stocks; Marine pollution of the world; Identification of pollution and types of pollutants; Properties, processes, environmental factors and investigation methods related to pollution; Biochemical cycles in marine environments; Biological pollution; Legislations about marine pollution; Effects of pollution on zoobenthic organisms; Environmental impact assessment concepts and principles; EIA process in the world and in Myanmar; Contemporary problems in global fishery management; Fishery development in South-East Asia; The roles of fisheries statistics in management and development of fisheries; The roles of aquaculture in fishery management; The economic of fishery development; Ecological basis of tropical multi-species in fisheries management; The management of tropical multi-species; Socio-economic aspects of fisheries; Fishery planning; Resources management: Deep sea resources; Soft bottom habitats; Mangrove resources; Seagrass resources; Coral reefs; Pelagic and demarsal fishes resources; Principles of fishery conservation and regulation; Fishery laws; Information technology resources management: Database files and structures; Problems: Definition and data preparation; Structure and function of taxonomic database; The roles of marine science in the resources management; Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as conservation tools; Conservation of marine and coastal living resources; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand the concepts, principles and models of the resources management
2. To get knowledge on the functions, systems, policies and applications of Resource Management.
3. To overview the theoretical foundations of key areas associated with Resource development in the system.

Oceanography of the Indian Ocean

Module No. MS. 3102

1^st Semester

Course Description

Chemical and geographical features of the Indian Ocean; Intermediate water masses of the Indian Ocean; North-West Indian intermediate water masses; Banda intermediate water masses; Antarctic intermediate water masses; Geopotential and topography of the Indian Ocean; Physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean: Thermal structure; Salinity structure; Circulation; Upwelling; Heat and freshwater budgets; Chemical Processes in the Andaman Sea: Oxygen and nutrients, Carbon dioxide system, distribution of major nutrients; Coupling between tropical atmosphere and the Indian ocean; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To learn the hydrological, physical, chemical and geographical features of the Indian Ocean
2. To get knowledge on the Coupling between tropical atmosphere and the Indian ocean and the reverse monsoon system.

Aquaculture I (Hatchery Practices in Mariculture)

Module No. MS. 3103

1^st Semester

Course Description

History of aquaculture; Definition of aquaculture and its multidisciplinary nature; Objectives of aquaculture; Basic requirements for a marine/brackish water hatchery: Seawater, fresh water and electricity; Design and layout of a typical shrimp hatchery; Natural seed resources, site selection and collection methods; Hatchery practices based upon life cycles of important shellfish (Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Scylla serrata, lobsters, edible oysters, pearl oysters, mussels, holothurians, sea horse, horse-shoe crab, Sepia, Loligo, cray fish etc.); Sexual maturity and breeding seasons of different species; Maturation stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon; Induced maturation in Penaeus monodon by eye stalk ablation; Reproductive physiology; Reproductive harmones in crustaceans; Brood stock management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Breeding and hatchery management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Breeding and hatchery management of crabs and bivalves; Live food and feeding of larval stages of important shellfishes; Health management in hatcheries; Design and lay out of a typical fish hatchery; Induced spawning of sea bass, rabbit fish, monosex Tilapia; Natural breeding of finfishes; Sexual maturity and breeding season of various cultivable species. Development of gametes in male and female; Types of fish egg and embryonic development; Methods of breeding; Hypophysation of fishes; Fish pituitary gland – its structure, collection, preservation and preparation of extract for injection, dosages and methods of injection; Broodstock management and transportation of broodfish; Synthetic harmones used for induced breeding of finfishes. Different types of fish hatcheries: Modern controlled hatcheries; Causes of mortalities of eggs and spawn; Treatment of eggs; Spawn rearing techniques; Use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport; Breeding techniques for trout, tilapia, mullets, milk fish, sea bass, groupers, etc.; Cryopreservation of fish gametes. Design and layout of a typical oyster hatchery induced spawning of edible oyster.

Learning Outcomes

1. To develop skills in the critical assessment of methodology and evaluation of success in hatchery production and the problem solving required in commercial hatchery production.
2. To develop and organizational skills to engage students in realistic aquaculture hatchery and larval rearing production;
3. To provide experience in various aspects of aquaculture hatchery protocol
4. To provide practical skills required for larval rearing of aquaculture species and production of various live feeds. 

Physiology of Marine Organisms

Module No. MS. 3104

1^st Semester

Course Description

Plant physiology: Elements and organic molecules in plants; Water and plant cells; Water balance and plant; Mineral nutrition; Absorption of mineral salts and solute transport; Transpiration; Photosynthesis: Chloroplast and light, the light reactions, carbon dioxide fixation and carbon metabolism; Phloem loading and translocation; Respiration: Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation; Synthesis of plant organic molecules; Plant growth and development; Plant hormones: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid and other compounds; Animal physiology: Physiology of finfish and shellfish; Water as a biological medium; Gas exchange; Circulation; Excretion; Osmoregulation; Reproductive physiology; Muscle physiology; Sense organs; Energy and nutrient status of food; Structure and functions of important endocrine glands: General endocrine concepts; Pituitary gland, thyroid gland; Calcium homeostasis: Gastrointestinal hormones, endocrine pancreas, adrenal medulla, endocrine control of sexual reproduction and pineal gland; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To recognize specific physiological terms and put them into the context of the functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms.
2. To solve quantitative problems associated with different physiological systems and relate the solutions to the different environmental or organ-system situations posed.
3. To perform chemical assays, perform dilutions, and analyze raw data in the laboratory in the context of simple experimental questions.

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   Semester II  

Total Credits- 22 points; Total Hours-16 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 28

^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course along with 1 core course of 4 credits and 1 elective of 3 credits in accord with specialized course to fulfill a total of 22 credit points. *represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and ** stands for the subject of marine geological specialization.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Module No. MS. 3107

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Goals and purposes of CZM; Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM): Methods and information: Public awareness and environment policy; Importance of coastal ecosystems; Management and conservation; Sustainable management of coastal; Marine and island ecosystems; Strategy for management; Myanmar Agenda 21 (A blue print for sustainable development); Law of the sea. Protection and preservation of the marine environments on the continental shelf; Review of some environmental laws and International treaties pertaining to the ASEAN regions; Environmental impacts of human activities on the coastal zone; Human impact on coral reefs: Urbanization and tourism development, fishing and mining and oil exploration; Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on coastal zones; Aquaculture, waste disposal, property and infrastructure development, ports and shipping, tourism (beach and coral reef), industries (petroleum industry, heavy industry, forest industry), mining and marine excavations, water supply projects; Human impacts on mangroves, seagrasses and fisheries; Offshore mineral mining and oil exploration; Threatened species. Impacts of global warming and climate change: Sea-level rise and coastal zone management; Classification of pollution- physical, chemical and biological classification of water pollution; Sewage and domestic wastes- composition and pollution effects- sewage treatment and its reuse; Agricultural wastes- organic detritus, nutrients; Biological indicators of pollution; Environmental Impact Assessment for fisheries aquaculture projects; Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act; International treaties and conventions; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To describe basic relationships and processes in integrated coastal zone planning,
2. To portray various actors in the coastal zone, their specific interests and common areas of conflict,
3. To explain which scientific background values that are necessary for a successful planning,
4. To plan and carry out a simplified consultation process for activities in the coastal zone,

Coral Reefs

Module No. MS. 3108

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Coral reefs of the world; Reef distribution and limiting factors; Types of reefs; Origin of reefs: Evo-lution of coral reefs; Compositions of reefs; Coral distribution and reef zonation; Atlantic and Indo-Pacific reefs; Structures, physiology and productivity of corals; Systematics; Biology of hermatypic corals and coral reefs; Species interactions and ecology of reefs; Roles of calciferous algae in reef systems; Ecology of reef fishes; Coral reef cryptofauna and bioerosion; Catastrophic mortality and recovery of reefs; Climate changes on coral reefs; Predation of corals; Environmental damages to corals; Productivity of coral reefs; Coral reef assessments; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To explain what coral reefs are and where they are located
2. To discuss the unique ecosystem of coral reefs
3. To locate the Equator on a globe
4. To differentiate between hard and soft corals

Aquaculture II (Grow-out Methodologies  in Mariculture)

Module No. MS. 3109

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Intoduction to coastal aquaculture; Classification of aquaculture systems: Methods of aquaculture - monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture systems using rafts, racks, cages, poles and ropes; Selection of sites for coastal aquaculture; Different kinds of coastal aquaculture systems for grow-out; Importance of site selection; Aquaculture engineering; Different grow of technologies with special references; Importance of water quality and how to manage in aquaculture with special references; Environmental impact assessment; Basic economic concepts in coastal aquaculture; Selection of species for coastal aquaculture; Biology of selected and economically important species in coastal aquaculture; Nutritional requirement of cultivated organisms; Water chemistry; Sanitation and health of aquatic organisms; Importance of feed and mutrition in aquaculture; Pathobiology and health management in mariculture: Diseases and parasites which encounter in coastal aquaculture; Role of diagnostics in aquatic animal health; Levels of diagnostics; Diseases in finfish, mollusks and crustaceans: General techniques; Gross observations; Behaviour; Surface observations; Internal observations; Importance of aquaculture economic with special references; Technical terms and the external morphology of fish; Culture techniques for finfish and shellfish: Seabass, mullets, milkfish, groupers, snappers, tiger shrimp, white shrimp, mud crabs, mussels, clams, edible oysters and pearl oysters; Construction of culture ponds for finfishes and shellfishes: Design of the different dikes and canals; Water and soil quality management; Estimation of growth, survival and pond productivity; Seaweed cultivation methods for Monostroma, Ulva, Caulerpa, Porphyra, Gracilaria and Kappaphycus; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To get the knowledge on the Grow-out Methodologies for Mariculture.
2. To understand mariculture which is the farming of marine organisms for food and other products such as pharmaceuticals, food additives, jewelry (e.g., cultured pearls), nutraceuticals, and cosmetics, either in the natural marine environment, or in land- or sea-based enclosures, such as cages, ponds, or raceways.

Marine Products and Post-Harvest Technology

Module No. MS. 3110

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Preparation of seaweed products; Raw materials, occurrence and production of agar; Chemical composition and physical properties of agar; Comparison on the processing methods between traditional agar and modern agar; The industrial production of carrageenan and its utilization; Raw materials used and production method of fucoidan; Structure and qualities of alginates; The industrial production of alginate and its utilization; Structure and qualities, raw materials used and utilization of laminarin from Phaeophyceae; Raw materials used, production method and utilization of mannitol from brown algae; Principle of fish preservation and processing; Production process of dried Anchoviella flakes and its nutritive value; the processing technique of brine-pressed sardines with its proximate composition; Preparation of surimi and surimi based products; Processing methods of chiton and chitosan; The classical Chinese processing method of shark fin rays; Quality assessment of individual by-products; The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system; The concept, introduction and application of HACCP system; Use of the concept in seafood processing, food regulations, regulatory agencies and HACCP; Advantages and problems in the use of HACCP; application of the ISO- 9000 series.

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand in the areas of sustainable aquaculture, capture fisheries, post-harvest and aquatic resources and ecology;
2. To get skills on the fisheries professionals imbued with high level of integrity, nationalism and ethical standards;
3. To learn on the marine product and harvest technologies.

Semester I

      Total Credits- 23 points; Total Hours-17 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 29. 

        ^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course in accord with 2 core courses of 4 credits to fulfill a total of 23 credit points. * represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and ** stands for the subject of marine geological specialization.

Fishery Sciences

Module No. 4101

1^st Semester

Course Description

The scope of fishery sciences: Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of world. Fisheries ecology and assessment of resources; Elaboratoin and development of some key concepts: Temporal changes and stability of fisheries systems; Systems stability and management; Sptial considerations: Mapping fisheries resources; Fish production per unit areas estimates; Upwelling and production of fish; Collecting and analyzing data on feeding references of commercial fish species; Interactions in a pelagic ecosystems; Inferences from fish physiology and behavior studies; Diversity and stability of fishery ecosystem; Fishery resources assessment; Overview of marine fisheries resources of the world and Myanmar; Taxonomic account of commercial fishes of Myanmar; Major fishing grounds of Myanmar Coast; Major exploited marine fisheries of Myanmar, their developmental history and present status; Important pelagic- demersal fish, and shellfish of Myanmar; Potential marine fishery resources of the Myanmar’s EEZ; GIS and Remote sensing in marine capture fishery; Estimate of fish biomass of Myanmar coast; Influences of environmental factors on fish finding and capture; The roles of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos in fisheries; Traditional, motorized and mechanized fisheries according to major gears; General problems of the management; Concepts, principles and models; Management of shared stocks; Contemporary problems in global fishery management; Fishery development in South-East Asia; The roles of fisheries statistics in management and development of fisheries; The roles of aquaculture in fishery management; The economic of fishery development; Nature and role of fisheries economics, concepts and application of economic theories to fisheries; Consumption, utility and demand; Consumer's surplus, production function, laws of returns, laws of returns to scak and economics of scale; law of supply; determination of equilibrium price for fish and fishery product; Economics of fish production systems: Capture and culture; Profit maximization, problems in estimating costs and returns in fisheries; Fisheries industry and its allied industries, measurement of national income, national income from fisheries; Principles of fishery conservation and regulation; Fishery Laws.

Learning Outcomes

• To get basic knowledge of biology, life history, evolution and ecology of fishes, as well as knowledge of oceanography and marine ecosystems.
• To understand the population structure in fish populations, function and selection patterns of fishing gear, harvesting strategies of fish populations from selected ecosystems, and simple population dynamic models
• To learn of how ecological factors in combination with fisheries affect development of fish populations
• To get skills on experience from laboratory work within fisheries biology, in the field and conducting a research study

Large Marine Ecosystems

Module No. 4102

1^st Semester

Course Description

Eco-regions of the world; Environmental health & the functioning of Large Marine Ecosystems; Background paper Large Marine Ecosystems Approach to assessment and management; IOC-IUCN-NOAA Meetings on Consultative Meeting on Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) (1997, 1998, 2004); Data sharing: international boundaries and large marine ecosystems; Decadal scale regime shifts in the Large Marine Ecosystems of the North-east Pacific; Nomination of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia for the inclusion of World Heritage List; The South China Sea-Revisiting the Large Marine Ecosystem Approach; Mapping fisheries onto marine ecosystems for regional oceanic and global integrations; Sewage treatment and sludge; Sustainable development- ASEAN Vision 2020; WSSD related to LME.

Learning Outcomes

1. Define large marine ecosystems and know how the large marine ecosystems Mechanisms are set up.
2. List some uses of the marine environment and their impacts
3. Define global Environment Facility -International waters, Governance approaches, Key Features of regional oceans governance mechanisms.

Ecology of Shallow Waters and Intertidal Communities

Module No. 4103

1^st Semester

Course Description

Major abiotic factors in the marine environments: Physical, chemical and biological features of muddy and sandy shores; Intertidal and subtidal floras and faunas; Recommandations for quantitative benthic meiofauna studies: sampling methods, sub- sampling, preservation, staining, extraction; Subtidal benthic associations in shallow waters: Coverage, environmental conditions, unvegetated sedimentary environments, infaunal associations, community patterns and structures, vertical distribution and competation; Benthos: Habitat and size group of benthos, distribution of benthos, subtidal benthos in the seas, trophic relationship, benthos and pollution; Kelp beds and forests: Structures and distribution; Seagrass communities: composition and distribution, environmental conditions, productivity, structure and biological interactions, relationships to other systems; Mangrove forests: structure and adaptations, distribution, physical condition of mangrove forests, zonation and associated organisms; Seagrass meadows; Saltmarshes; Ecology of corals and coral reefs: composition of coral reefs.

Learning Outcomes

1. Define the intertidal zone, and the species interactions which mould the communities.  
2. Intertidal biodiversity and species interactions
3. Species distribution patterns and Species interactions
4. Trophic interactions and connectivity between local terrestrial and marine communities.
   
   

Systematics and Ecology of Seagrasses

Module No. 4104

1^st Semester

Course Description

Habitats, zonation, the origin, evolution and geographic distribution, ecological roles; General accounts on morphology: Leaf morphology- ligule, leaf apex, surface features, leaf abscission and age, leaf anatomy, structures in relation to function-epidermis, air canals, mechanical tissues, conducting tissues, endodermis, leaf sheath, leaf development; Adaptations to the marine environments: Morphplogical adaptations, anatomical adaptations; Taxonomy of principal seagrasses; Collecting guideline and specimen processing: Tools for fields and laboratory studies, photography, cataloguing, preservation methods; A profile of an ecological group: Submersion, anchoring system, adaptation to saline medium, hydrophilous pollination; Organic production: Productivity- A simulation model of the seagrass production system; Biomass: Methods and rates, organic compositions and caloric levels- soluble carbohydrate composition of seagrasses; Applied aspects of seagrasses; Specific techniques for the investigation on seagrass communities; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. Be familiar with algal systematics, evolution and phylogeny.
2. Know the characteristics of algal groups.
3. Know the biology of selected algal species.
4. Be familiar with the temporal variation and biogeography of algae.
5. Have knowledge of algal ecology
6. Be able to indentify algae using morphology, ultra structure and molecular methods.

Conservation and Management of Marine Environment

Module No. 4105

1^st Semester

Course Description

The long history of human influence on the sea; Principles of fisheries management; Fisheries management in practice – failures and success; Marine reserves: Balancing fisheries management and conservation; Invasive species in the sea; Aquaculture and the ocean environment; Biodiversity patterns and extinction risk in the sea; Conservation of ocean megafauna; Marine conservation in the world; Exercises in fisheries and coastal resources management.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand how human activities impact on ocean ecosystems and species and the suitability of different management strategies for dealing with these impacts.
2. Understand how ecological science can be used to underpin conservation and management of ocean ecosystems.
3. Understand some of the key principles of fisheries and coastal resources management and reasons for failure and success of management.

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Semester II

Total Credits- 23 points; Total Hours-17 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 29. 

        ^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course in accord with 2 core courses of 4 credits to fulfill a total of 23 credit points. * represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and ** stands for the subject of marine geological specialization.

Data Analysis and Statistics

Module No. 4106

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Key concepts in statistical analysis; Theory and hypothesis: Indicators; Variables; Causality; Grounded Theory; Bell curve; Thesis data handling procedures; Accessing, examining and saving data and analyzing data; Univariate analysis; Parametric mean based statistics; Bivariate analysis: Statistical significance; Multivariate analysis; Linear Regression: Logical regression; Statistical data analysis with SPSS (Special Package for Statistical Analysis); Graphical tools and graphing procedures.

Learning Outcomes

1. Have a solid foundation of mathematical and statistical processes which include a proficiency in collection, organization, design, and drawing inferences from data using appropriate statistical methodology and problem solving skills.
2. To apply statistics in other fields at an appropriate level and demonstrate their ability to apply knowledge acquired from their major to real world models.

Population Dynamics and Stock Assesment in Fisheries

Module No. 4107

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Basic concepts and population dynamics: Definition of population dynamics; Dynamics of exploited fish populations; Estimation of total fishing and natural mortality, coefficients, catchability coefficient; Exploitation rate and ratio standardi-zation of fishing effort; Estimation of total stock and standing stock; Production and yield; Optimum yield and effort; Population models; The concept of population and unit stock; Biological structure of fisheries resource in space and time; Indicators of dynamics in a fishery resource; Characteristics of unit and mixed stock; Data requirements for stock assessment; Segregation of stocks; Principles of stock assessment; Population age structure; Theory of life tables; Von Bertalanffy growth parameters; Graphical models; Monte Cario simulation model and ECCPATH model; Estimation of total fishing and natural mortality; The concept of yield, yield in number and yield in weight, yield per recruit, yield curve; Yield models; The concept of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Maximum Economic Yield; Biological symptoms of under-fishing and over-fishing; Growth over-fishing and recruitment over-fishing; Eumetric fishing; Open access fisheries; Fisheries regulations; Catch per unit effort (CPUE); Trawl selection and gillnet selection; Analytical models of fish stocks.

Learning Outcomes

1. Use appropriate quantitative methods in analyzing data collected from fisheries,
2. Estimate vital parameters (e.g., size, density, growth, recruitment, and mortality)for fisheries, and to describe quantitatively the dynamics of fish populations,
3. Quantitatively evaluate current status of a fishery and alternative management strategies through formal stock assessment process, and to interpret uncertainties associated with the assessment in managing fisheries resources.

Systematics and Ecology of Mangroves

Module No. 4108

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Habitats, zonation, the origin, evolution and geographic distribution, ecological roles; General accounts on morphology: Leaf morphology and texture, leaf anatomy, shoot systems, root systems, water relation and salt balance, flowering, seedlings and seeds; Adaptations to the marine environments: Morphplogical adaptations, anatomical adaptations; Systematics of the true mangrove species: Families Rhizophoraceae, Avicenniaceae, Sonneratiaceae, Combretaceae, Arecaceae, Sterculiaceae, Maliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrsinacaceae, Rubiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Pteridaceae, Acanthaceae, Tiliaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Asclepiadaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae, Aizoaceae, Verbinaceae, Loranthaceae, Poaceae, Tamariceae and Solanaceae; Ecological factors: Tides, salinity, soil composition, water table and drainage, aeration, soil chemistry other than sodium chloride, biota; Physioecology of mangroves, viviparous seedlings, the pneumatophores, the physiology of salt control, osmotic pressure, transpiration rates, carbon assimilation rates; Biogeography of mangroves: New World mangroves, African mangroves, Indian mangal vegetation, mangroves of Indo-Malaysia, mangroves of Australia and New Zealand, mangal vegetation of Papau New Guinea, the Philippines and Oceania; Mangrove area management: Management at resource levels, restoration and transplanting, the application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology; Economic uses of mangroves; Calculation of species richness.

Learning Outcomes

1. Describe and compare characteristics of mangrove trees
2. Name and identify the types of mangrove trees
3. Understanding of relevant elements of mangrove ecology and biology

Ecology of Seaweed Communities

Module No. 4109

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Ecological and environmental considerations: Geological factors, physical factors and chemical factors; General ecology: Concepts and methods: Niches, populations, communities and ecosystems; Zonation of marine algae with examples; Ecological dynamics: Ecological evolution and succession, food webs, biotic interaction, incorporation of plant products, antifouling and antimicrobial components of algae; Geological methods: Determination of elevation; Communities measurements: Transect, quadrat and survey; Morphological and physiological ecology: Physiological responses to environmental factors- light relationship, temperature relationship, responses to osmotic changes, responses to pH, mineral nutrition, essential trace elements, micronutrients and growth substances; Morphological responses; Chemical levels; Algal strategies; Photosynthetic pigments; Physiological and chemical methods; The marine environments and man: Dredge filling, organic pollution, heavy metals and radioisotopes, thermal pollution and biological pollution; Lithophytic communities; Experimental studies of the marine algae; Quantitative algal ecology: Algal productivity and methods its estimation; Autecology and synecology of marine algae; Restoration and transplanting techniques; Phytogeographic provinces and seaweed distribution; Importance of marine algae: Seaweed resources of the world: Utilization of marine algae- human and animal foods, fertilizer and medical uses; Industrilization of marine algae: Phycoculture.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the biology and diversity of seaweeds, in relation to abiotic factors (light, substrate, nutrients, salinity, temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH) and biotic factors (competition with other algae and herbivory by animals);
2. Explain the processes that regulate growth, development and reproduction of seaweeds;
3. Explain the differences between aquatic and terrestrial systems regarding growth, development and biomass production

Law of the Sea

Module No. 4110

2^nd Semester

Course Description

The history of Law of the Sea concepts; internal waters, territorial waters and the regime of innocent passage; the contiguous zone; transit passage through straits used for international navigation; islands, archipelagoes and the regime of archipelagic sealanes passage; the Exclusive Economic Zone; the Continental Shelf; recent developments in delimitation of maritime zones; the high seas and the management of High Seas fisheries; deep-seabed mining and the International Area.

Learning Outcomes

1. Explain, distinguish and apply advanced knowledge of the key concepts and principles that are applicable in the law of the sea and apply this knowledge in the context of the specific workings of international law, especially other relevant treaties, customary international law and methods of dispute resolution;
2. Demonstrate extensive practical and theoretical familiarity with the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
3. Analyse and show advanced understanding of some of the key law of the sea issues confronting Australia and the Asia Pacific region;
4. Identify how the law of the sea interacts with related areas of international law such as maritime security and concepts of state sovereignty; and
5. Plan and compose an advanced-level research paper which critically examines one or more contemporary law of the sea issues.

Semester I

Total Credits- 22 points; Total Hours-16 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) =28.  ^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course along with 1 core course of 4 credits and 1 elective of 3 credits in accord with specialized course to fulfill a total of 22 credit points. *represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and   ** stands for the subject of geological specialization.

Resources Management

Module No. MS. 3101

1^st Semester

Course Description

Introduction to resources management; Concepts, principles and models; Management of shared stocks; Marine pollution of the world; Identification of pollution and types of pollutants; Properties, processes, environmental factors and investigation methods related to pollution; Biochemical cycles in marine environments; Biological pollution; Legislations about marine pollution; Effects of pollution on zoobenthic organisms; Environmental impact assessment concepts and principles; EIA process in the world and in Myanmar; Contemporary problems in global fishery management; Fishery development in South-East Asia; The roles of fisheries statistics in management and development of fisheries; The roles of aquaculture in fishery management; The economic of fishery development; Ecological basis of tropical multi-species in fisheries management; The management of tropical multi-species; Socio-economic aspects of fisheries; Fishery planning; Resources management: Deep sea resources; Soft bottom habitats; Mangrove resources; Seagrass resources; Coral reefs; Pelagic and demarsal fishes resources; Principles of fishery conservation and regulation; Fishery laws; Information technology resources management: Database files and structures; Problems: Definition and data preparation; Structure and function of taxonomic database; The roles of marine science in the resources management; Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as conservation tools; Conservation of marine and coastal living resources; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand the concepts, principles and models of the resources management
2. To get knowledge on the functions, systems, policies and applications of Resource Management.
3. To overview the theoretical foundations of key areas associated with Resource development in the system.

Oceanography of the Indian Ocean

Module No. MS. 3102

1^st Semester

Course Description

Chemical and geographical features of the Indian Ocean; Intermediate water masses of the Indian Ocean; North-West Indian intermediate water masses; Banda intermediate water masses; Antarctic intermediate water masses; Geopotential and topography of the Indian Ocean; Physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean: Thermal structure; Salinity structure; Circulation; Upwelling; Heat and freshwater budgets; Chemical Processes in the Andaman Sea: Oxygen and nutrients, Carbon dioxide system, distribution of major nutrients; Coupling between tropical atmosphere and the Indian ocean; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To learn the hydrological, physical, chemical and geographical features of the Indian Ocean
2. To get knowledge on the Coupling between tropical atmosphere and the Indian ocean and the reverse monsoon system.

Aquaculture I (Hatchery Practices in Mariculture)

Module No. MS. 3103

1^st Semester

Course Description

History of aquaculture; Definition of aquaculture and its multidisciplinary nature; Objectives of aquaculture; Basic requirements for a marine/brackish water hatchery: Seawater, fresh water and electricity; Design and layout of a typical shrimp hatchery; Natural seed resources, site selection and collection methods; Hatchery practices based upon life cycles of important shellfish (Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Scylla serrata, lobsters, edible oysters, pearl oysters, mussels, holothurians, sea horse, horse-shoe crab, Sepia, Loligo, cray fish etc.); Sexual maturity and breeding seasons of different species; Maturation stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon; Induced maturation in Penaeus monodon by eye stalk ablation; Reproductive physiology; Reproductive harmones in crustaceans; Brood stock management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Breeding and hatchery management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Breeding and hatchery management of crabs and bivalves; Live food and feeding of larval stages of important shellfishes; Health management in hatcheries; Design and lay out of a typical fish hatchery; Induced spawning of sea bass, rabbit fish, monosex Tilapia; Natural breeding of finfishes; Sexual maturity and breeding season of various cultivable species. Development of gametes in male and female; Types of fish egg and embryonic development; Methods of breeding; Hypophysation of fishes; Fish pituitary gland – its structure, collection, preservation and preparation of extract for injection, dosages and methods of injection; Broodstock management and transportation of broodfish; Synthetic harmones used for induced breeding of finfishes. Different types of fish hatcheries: Modern controlled hatcheries; Causes of mortalities of eggs and spawn; Treatment of eggs; Spawn rearing techniques; Use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport; Breeding techniques for trout, tilapia, mullets, milk fish, sea bass, groupers, etc.; Cryopreservation of fish gametes. Design and layout of a typical oyster hatchery induced spawning of edible oyster.

Learning Outcomes

1. To develop skills in the critical assessment of methodology and evaluation of success in hatchery production and the problem solving required in commercial hatchery production.
2. To develop and organizational skills to engage students in realistic aquaculture hatchery and larval rearing production;
3. To provide experience in various aspects of aquaculture hatchery protocol
4. To provide practical skills required for larval rearing of aquaculture species and production of various live feeds. 

Physiology of Marine Organisms

Module No. MS. 3104

1^st Semester

Course Description

Plant physiology: Elements and organic molecules in plants; Water and plant cells; Water balance and plant; Mineral nutrition; Absorption of mineral salts and solute transport; Transpiration; Photosynthesis: Chloroplast and light, the light reactions, carbon dioxide fixation and carbon metabolism; Phloem loading and translocation; Respiration: Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation; Synthesis of plant organic molecules; Plant growth and development; Plant hormones: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid and other compounds; Animal physiology: Physiology of finfish and shellfish; Water as a biological medium; Gas exchange; Circulation; Excretion; Osmoregulation; Reproductive physiology; Muscle physiology; Sense organs; Energy and nutrient status of food; Structure and functions of important endocrine glands: General endocrine concepts; Pituitary gland, thyroid gland; Calcium homeostasis: Gastrointestinal hormones, endocrine pancreas, adrenal medulla, endocrine control of sexual reproduction and pineal gland; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To recognize specific physiological terms and put them into the context of the functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms.
2. To solve quantitative problems associated with different physiological systems and relate the solutions to the different environmental or organ-system situations posed.
3. To perform chemical assays, perform dilutions, and analyze raw data in the laboratory in the context of simple experimental questions.

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   Semester II  

Total Credits- 22 points; Total Hours-16 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 28

^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course along with 1 core course of 4 credits and 1 elective of 3 credits in accord with specialized course to fulfill a total of 22 credit points. *represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and ** stands for the subject of marine geological specialization.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Module No. MS. 3107

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Goals and purposes of CZM; Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM): Methods and information: Public awareness and environment policy; Importance of coastal ecosystems; Management and conservation; Sustainable management of coastal; Marine and island ecosystems; Strategy for management; Myanmar Agenda 21 (A blue print for sustainable development); Law of the sea. Protection and preservation of the marine environments on the continental shelf; Review of some environmental laws and International treaties pertaining to the ASEAN regions; Environmental impacts of human activities on the coastal zone; Human impact on coral reefs: Urbanization and tourism development, fishing and mining and oil exploration; Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on coastal zones; Aquaculture, waste disposal, property and infrastructure development, ports and shipping, tourism (beach and coral reef), industries (petroleum industry, heavy industry, forest industry), mining and marine excavations, water supply projects; Human impacts on mangroves, seagrasses and fisheries; Offshore mineral mining and oil exploration; Threatened species. Impacts of global warming and climate change: Sea-level rise and coastal zone management; Classification of pollution- physical, chemical and biological classification of water pollution; Sewage and domestic wastes- composition and pollution effects- sewage treatment and its reuse; Agricultural wastes- organic detritus, nutrients; Biological indicators of pollution; Environmental Impact Assessment for fisheries aquaculture projects; Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act; International treaties and conventions; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To describe basic relationships and processes in integrated coastal zone planning,
2. To portray various actors in the coastal zone, their specific interests and common areas of conflict,
3. To explain which scientific background values that are necessary for a successful planning,
4. To plan and carry out a simplified consultation process for activities in the coastal zone,

Coral Reefs

Module No. MS. 3108

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Coral reefs of the world; Reef distribution and limiting factors; Types of reefs; Origin of reefs: Evo-lution of coral reefs; Compositions of reefs; Coral distribution and reef zonation; Atlantic and Indo-Pacific reefs; Structures, physiology and productivity of corals; Systematics; Biology of hermatypic corals and coral reefs; Species interactions and ecology of reefs; Roles of calciferous algae in reef systems; Ecology of reef fishes; Coral reef cryptofauna and bioerosion; Catastrophic mortality and recovery of reefs; Climate changes on coral reefs; Predation of corals; Environmental damages to corals; Productivity of coral reefs; Coral reef assessments; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To explain what coral reefs are and where they are located
2. To discuss the unique ecosystem of coral reefs
3. To locate the Equator on a globe
4. To differentiate between hard and soft corals

Aquaculture II (Grow-out Methodologies  in Mariculture)

Module No. MS. 3109

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Intoduction to coastal aquaculture; Classification of aquaculture systems: Methods of aquaculture - monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture systems using rafts, racks, cages, poles and ropes; Selection of sites for coastal aquaculture; Different kinds of coastal aquaculture systems for grow-out; Importance of site selection; Aquaculture engineering; Different grow of technologies with special references; Importance of water quality and how to manage in aquaculture with special references; Environmental impact assessment; Basic economic concepts in coastal aquaculture; Selection of species for coastal aquaculture; Biology of selected and economically important species in coastal aquaculture; Nutritional requirement of cultivated organisms; Water chemistry; Sanitation and health of aquatic organisms; Importance of feed and mutrition in aquaculture; Pathobiology and health management in mariculture: Diseases and parasites which encounter in coastal aquaculture; Role of diagnostics in aquatic animal health; Levels of diagnostics; Diseases in finfish, mollusks and crustaceans: General techniques; Gross observations; Behaviour; Surface observations; Internal observations; Importance of aquaculture economic with special references; Technical terms and the external morphology of fish; Culture techniques for finfish and shellfish: Seabass, mullets, milkfish, groupers, snappers, tiger shrimp, white shrimp, mud crabs, mussels, clams, edible oysters and pearl oysters; Construction of culture ponds for finfishes and shellfishes: Design of the different dikes and canals; Water and soil quality management; Estimation of growth, survival and pond productivity; Seaweed cultivation methods for Monostroma, Ulva, Caulerpa, Porphyra, Gracilaria and Kappaphycus; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. To get the knowledge on the Grow-out Methodologies for Mariculture.
2. To understand mariculture which is the farming of marine organisms for food and other products such as pharmaceuticals, food additives, jewelry (e.g., cultured pearls), nutraceuticals, and cosmetics, either in the natural marine environment, or in land- or sea-based enclosures, such as cages, ponds, or raceways.

Marine Products and Post-Harvest Technology

Module No. MS. 3110

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Preparation of seaweed products; Raw materials, occurrence and production of agar; Chemical composition and physical properties of agar; Comparison on the processing methods between traditional agar and modern agar; The industrial production of carrageenan and its utilization; Raw materials used and production method of fucoidan; Structure and qualities of alginates; The industrial production of alginate and its utilization; Structure and qualities, raw materials used and utilization of laminarin from Phaeophyceae; Raw materials used, production method and utilization of mannitol from brown algae; Principle of fish preservation and processing; Production process of dried Anchoviella flakes and its nutritive value; the processing technique of brine-pressed sardines with its proximate composition; Preparation of surimi and surimi based products; Processing methods of chiton and chitosan; The classical Chinese processing method of shark fin rays; Quality assessment of individual by-products; The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system; The concept, introduction and application of HACCP system; Use of the concept in seafood processing, food regulations, regulatory agencies and HACCP; Advantages and problems in the use of HACCP; application of the ISO- 9000 series.

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand in the areas of sustainable aquaculture, capture fisheries, post-harvest and aquatic resources and ecology;
2. To get skills on the fisheries professionals imbued with high level of integrity, nationalism and ethical standards;
3. To learn on the marine product and harvest technologies.

Semester I

      Total Credits- 23 points; Total Hours-17 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 29. 

        ^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course in accord with 2 core courses of 4 credits to fulfill a total of 23 credit points. * represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and ** stands for the subject of marine geological specialization.

Fishery Sciences

Module No. 4101

1^st Semester

Course Description

The scope of fishery sciences: Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of world. Fisheries ecology and assessment of resources; Elaboratoin and development of some key concepts: Temporal changes and stability of fisheries systems; Systems stability and management; Sptial considerations: Mapping fisheries resources; Fish production per unit areas estimates; Upwelling and production of fish; Collecting and analyzing data on feeding references of commercial fish species; Interactions in a pelagic ecosystems; Inferences from fish physiology and behavior studies; Diversity and stability of fishery ecosystem; Fishery resources assessment; Overview of marine fisheries resources of the world and Myanmar; Taxonomic account of commercial fishes of Myanmar; Major fishing grounds of Myanmar Coast; Major exploited marine fisheries of Myanmar, their developmental history and present status; Important pelagic- demersal fish, and shellfish of Myanmar; Potential marine fishery resources of the Myanmar’s EEZ; GIS and Remote sensing in marine capture fishery; Estimate of fish biomass of Myanmar coast; Influences of environmental factors on fish finding and capture; The roles of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos in fisheries; Traditional, motorized and mechanized fisheries according to major gears; General problems of the management; Concepts, principles and models; Management of shared stocks; Contemporary problems in global fishery management; Fishery development in South-East Asia; The roles of fisheries statistics in management and development of fisheries; The roles of aquaculture in fishery management; The economic of fishery development; Nature and role of fisheries economics, concepts and application of economic theories to fisheries; Consumption, utility and demand; Consumer's surplus, production function, laws of returns, laws of returns to scak and economics of scale; law of supply; determination of equilibrium price for fish and fishery product; Economics of fish production systems: Capture and culture; Profit maximization, problems in estimating costs and returns in fisheries; Fisheries industry and its allied industries, measurement of national income, national income from fisheries; Principles of fishery conservation and regulation; Fishery Laws.

Learning Outcomes

• To get basic knowledge of biology, life history, evolution and ecology of fishes, as well as knowledge of oceanography and marine ecosystems.
• To understand the population structure in fish populations, function and selection patterns of fishing gear, harvesting strategies of fish populations from selected ecosystems, and simple population dynamic models
• To learn of how ecological factors in combination with fisheries affect development of fish populations
• To get skills on experience from laboratory work within fisheries biology, in the field and conducting a research study

Large Marine Ecosystems

Module No. 4102

1^st Semester

Course Description

Eco-regions of the world; Environmental health & the functioning of Large Marine Ecosystems; Background paper Large Marine Ecosystems Approach to assessment and management; IOC-IUCN-NOAA Meetings on Consultative Meeting on Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) (1997, 1998, 2004); Data sharing: international boundaries and large marine ecosystems; Decadal scale regime shifts in the Large Marine Ecosystems of the North-east Pacific; Nomination of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia for the inclusion of World Heritage List; The South China Sea-Revisiting the Large Marine Ecosystem Approach; Mapping fisheries onto marine ecosystems for regional oceanic and global integrations; Sewage treatment and sludge; Sustainable development- ASEAN Vision 2020; WSSD related to LME.

Learning Outcomes

1. Define large marine ecosystems and know how the large marine ecosystems Mechanisms are set up.
2. List some uses of the marine environment and their impacts
3. Define global Environment Facility -International waters, Governance approaches, Key Features of regional oceans governance mechanisms.

Ecology of Shallow Waters and Intertidal Communities

Module No. 4103

1^st Semester

Course Description

Major abiotic factors in the marine environments: Physical, chemical and biological features of muddy and sandy shores; Intertidal and subtidal floras and faunas; Recommandations for quantitative benthic meiofauna studies: sampling methods, sub- sampling, preservation, staining, extraction; Subtidal benthic associations in shallow waters: Coverage, environmental conditions, unvegetated sedimentary environments, infaunal associations, community patterns and structures, vertical distribution and competation; Benthos: Habitat and size group of benthos, distribution of benthos, subtidal benthos in the seas, trophic relationship, benthos and pollution; Kelp beds and forests: Structures and distribution; Seagrass communities: composition and distribution, environmental conditions, productivity, structure and biological interactions, relationships to other systems; Mangrove forests: structure and adaptations, distribution, physical condition of mangrove forests, zonation and associated organisms; Seagrass meadows; Saltmarshes; Ecology of corals and coral reefs: composition of coral reefs.

Learning Outcomes

1. Define the intertidal zone, and the species interactions which mould the communities.  
2. Intertidal biodiversity and species interactions
3. Species distribution patterns and Species interactions
4. Trophic interactions and connectivity between local terrestrial and marine communities.
   
   

Systematics and Ecology of Seagrasses

Module No. 4104

1^st Semester

Course Description

Habitats, zonation, the origin, evolution and geographic distribution, ecological roles; General accounts on morphology: Leaf morphology- ligule, leaf apex, surface features, leaf abscission and age, leaf anatomy, structures in relation to function-epidermis, air canals, mechanical tissues, conducting tissues, endodermis, leaf sheath, leaf development; Adaptations to the marine environments: Morphplogical adaptations, anatomical adaptations; Taxonomy of principal seagrasses; Collecting guideline and specimen processing: Tools for fields and laboratory studies, photography, cataloguing, preservation methods; A profile of an ecological group: Submersion, anchoring system, adaptation to saline medium, hydrophilous pollination; Organic production: Productivity- A simulation model of the seagrass production system; Biomass: Methods and rates, organic compositions and caloric levels- soluble carbohydrate composition of seagrasses; Applied aspects of seagrasses; Specific techniques for the investigation on seagrass communities; Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

1. Be familiar with algal systematics, evolution and phylogeny.
2. Know the characteristics of algal groups.
3. Know the biology of selected algal species.
4. Be familiar with the temporal variation and biogeography of algae.
5. Have knowledge of algal ecology
6. Be able to indentify algae using morphology, ultra structure and molecular methods.

Conservation and Management of Marine Environment

Module No. 4105

1^st Semester

Course Description

The long history of human influence on the sea; Principles of fisheries management; Fisheries management in practice – failures and success; Marine reserves: Balancing fisheries management and conservation; Invasive species in the sea; Aquaculture and the ocean environment; Biodiversity patterns and extinction risk in the sea; Conservation of ocean megafauna; Marine conservation in the world; Exercises in fisheries and coastal resources management.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand how human activities impact on ocean ecosystems and species and the suitability of different management strategies for dealing with these impacts.
2. Understand how ecological science can be used to underpin conservation and management of ocean ecosystems.
3. Understand some of the key principles of fisheries and coastal resources management and reasons for failure and success of management.

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Semester II

Total Credits- 23 points; Total Hours-17 (Lecture) +12 (Practical & Field Training) = 29. 

        ^# A student can choose any 1 specialized course in accord with 2 core courses of 4 credits to fulfill a total of 23 credit points. * represents for the subject of marine biological specialization and ** stands for the subject of marine geological specialization.

Data Analysis and Statistics

Module No. 4106

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Key concepts in statistical analysis; Theory and hypothesis: Indicators; Variables; Causality; Grounded Theory; Bell curve; Thesis data handling procedures; Accessing, examining and saving data and analyzing data; Univariate analysis; Parametric mean based statistics; Bivariate analysis: Statistical significance; Multivariate analysis; Linear Regression: Logical regression; Statistical data analysis with SPSS (Special Package for Statistical Analysis); Graphical tools and graphing procedures.

Learning Outcomes

1. Have a solid foundation of mathematical and statistical processes which include a proficiency in collection, organization, design, and drawing inferences from data using appropriate statistical methodology and problem solving skills.
2. To apply statistics in other fields at an appropriate level and demonstrate their ability to apply knowledge acquired from their major to real world models.

Population Dynamics and Stock Assesment in Fisheries

Module No. 4107

2^nd  Semester

Course Description

Basic concepts and population dynamics: Definition of population dynamics; Dynamics of exploited fish populations; Estimation of total fishing and natural mortality, coefficients, catchability coefficient; Exploitation rate and ratio standardi-zation of fishing effort; Estimation of total stock and standing stock; Production and yield; Optimum yield and effort; Population models; The concept of population and unit stock; Biological structure of fisheries resource in space and time; Indicators of dynamics in a fishery resource; Characteristics of unit and mixed stock; Data requirements for stock assessment; Segregation of stocks; Principles of stock assessment; Population age structure; Theory of life tables; Von Bertalanffy growth parameters; Graphical models; Monte Cario simulation model and ECCPATH model; Estimation of total fishing and natural mortality; The concept of yield, yield in number and yield in weight, yield per recruit, yield curve; Yield models; The concept of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Maximum Economic Yield; Biological symptoms of under-fishing and over-fishing; Growth over-fishing and recruitment over-fishing; Eumetric fishing; Open access fisheries; Fisheries regulations; Catch per unit effort (CPUE); Trawl selection and gillnet selection; Analytical models of fish stocks.

Learning Outcomes

1. Use appropriate quantitative methods in analyzing data collected from fisheries,
2. Estimate vital parameters (e.g., size, density, growth, recruitment, and mortality)for fisheries, and to describe quantitatively the dynamics of fish populations,
3. Quantitatively evaluate current status of a fishery and alternative management strategies through formal stock assessment process, and to interpret uncertainties associated with the assessment in managing fisheries resources.

Systematics and Ecology of Mangroves

Module No. 4108

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Habitats, zonation, the origin, evolution and geographic distribution, ecological roles; General accounts on morphology: Leaf morphology and texture, leaf anatomy, shoot systems, root systems, water relation and salt balance, flowering, seedlings and seeds; Adaptations to the marine environments: Morphplogical adaptations, anatomical adaptations; Systematics of the true mangrove species: Families Rhizophoraceae, Avicenniaceae, Sonneratiaceae, Combretaceae, Arecaceae, Sterculiaceae, Maliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrsinacaceae, Rubiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Pteridaceae, Acanthaceae, Tiliaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Asclepiadaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae, Aizoaceae, Verbinaceae, Loranthaceae, Poaceae, Tamariceae and Solanaceae; Ecological factors: Tides, salinity, soil composition, water table and drainage, aeration, soil chemistry other than sodium chloride, biota; Physioecology of mangroves, viviparous seedlings, the pneumatophores, the physiology of salt control, osmotic pressure, transpiration rates, carbon assimilation rates; Biogeography of mangroves: New World mangroves, African mangroves, Indian mangal vegetation, mangroves of Indo-Malaysia, mangroves of Australia and New Zealand, mangal vegetation of Papau New Guinea, the Philippines and Oceania; Mangrove area management: Management at resource levels, restoration and transplanting, the application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology; Economic uses of mangroves; Calculation of species richness.

Learning Outcomes

1. Describe and compare characteristics of mangrove trees
2. Name and identify the types of mangrove trees
3. Understanding of relevant elements of mangrove ecology and biology

Ecology of Seaweed Communities

Module No. 4109

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Ecological and environmental considerations: Geological factors, physical factors and chemical factors; General ecology: Concepts and methods: Niches, populations, communities and ecosystems; Zonation of marine algae with examples; Ecological dynamics: Ecological evolution and succession, food webs, biotic interaction, incorporation of plant products, antifouling and antimicrobial components of algae; Geological methods: Determination of elevation; Communities measurements: Transect, quadrat and survey; Morphological and physiological ecology: Physiological responses to environmental factors- light relationship, temperature relationship, responses to osmotic changes, responses to pH, mineral nutrition, essential trace elements, micronutrients and growth substances; Morphological responses; Chemical levels; Algal strategies; Photosynthetic pigments; Physiological and chemical methods; The marine environments and man: Dredge filling, organic pollution, heavy metals and radioisotopes, thermal pollution and biological pollution; Lithophytic communities; Experimental studies of the marine algae; Quantitative algal ecology: Algal productivity and methods its estimation; Autecology and synecology of marine algae; Restoration and transplanting techniques; Phytogeographic provinces and seaweed distribution; Importance of marine algae: Seaweed resources of the world: Utilization of marine algae- human and animal foods, fertilizer and medical uses; Industrilization of marine algae: Phycoculture.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the biology and diversity of seaweeds, in relation to abiotic factors (light, substrate, nutrients, salinity, temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH) and biotic factors (competition with other algae and herbivory by animals);
2. Explain the processes that regulate growth, development and reproduction of seaweeds;
3. Explain the differences between aquatic and terrestrial systems regarding growth, development and biomass production

Law of the Sea

Module No. 4110

2^nd Semester

Course Description

The history of Law of the Sea concepts; internal waters, territorial waters and the regime of innocent passage; the contiguous zone; transit passage through straits used for international navigation; islands, archipelagoes and the regime of archipelagic sealanes passage; the Exclusive Economic Zone; the Continental Shelf; recent developments in delimitation of maritime zones; the high seas and the management of High Seas fisheries; deep-seabed mining and the International Area.

Learning Outcomes

1. Explain, distinguish and apply advanced knowledge of the key concepts and principles that are applicable in the law of the sea and apply this knowledge in the context of the specific workings of international law, especially other relevant treaties, customary international law and methods of dispute resolution;
2. Demonstrate extensive practical and theoretical familiarity with the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
3. Analyse and show advanced understanding of some of the key law of the sea issues confronting Australia and the Asia Pacific region;
4. Identify how the law of the sea interacts with related areas of international law such as maritime security and concepts of state sovereignty; and
5. Plan and compose an advanced-level research paper which critically examines one or more contemporary law of the sea issues.

Semester I

Total Credit = 24                                                                    Total hours = 30                                                                     

Third Year (Honours)-Geography (Semester-I)

Core Courses               -  Geog 5201 (4)   The Nature of Philosophy and Geography

• Geog 5202 (4) Oceanography
• Geog 5203 (4) Population Geography

                                    -  Geog 5204 (4)   Natural Resource Management and Conservation

                                    -  Geog 5205 (4)   Geospatial Technology: Remote Sensing

                                    -  Geog 5206 (4)   Natural Hazards and Problems

The Nature of Philosophy and Geography

Module No. Geog-5201

First Semester

Course Description

          This module studies the Nature and Philosophy of Geography. This module studies spectrum of geographical thought and it concern the rise of physical determinism, the rise of possiblism, scientific determinism and criticisms. Moreover, student will be able to study the beginning of the modern geography and impact of Darwinian concept, Ellsworth Huntington’s view on climatic controls and regional concept and regional geography. The concept of region is one of the most fundamental concepts in geography.

Learning Outcomes

• To study geography of modern period,
• To understand routes to scientific explanation, realize model forms of explanation and
• Examine the models in geographic explanation.

Oceanography

Module No. Geog-5202

First Semester

Course Description

            This module is the study to know earth has big ocean with many features. Students will get the knowledge of the importance of ocean life and resources. This module offers students the investigation of deep water formation, water density, marine sediments, air-sea interaction, ocean circulation, wave and tide action, beaches and shoreline processes. Moreover, students will know the nature of ocean current, marine pollution, marine life and marine environment. This module support will be able to know biology of the oceans, nutrients in seawater, ocean acidification, color of the sea, ocean food webs, ocean life and resources and ocean pollution.

Learning Outcomes

• Understands the essential principles and fundamental concepts about the functioning of the ocean
• Study the ocean and life in the ocean shape the feature of the earth
• Comprehend the ocean is the major influence on weather and climate and
• Know the ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystem.

Population Geography

Module No. Geog-5203

First Semester

Course Description

           This module is the systemically study of human population. It focuses on the number of population, composition and distribution of population on the ground. Students will be able to observe how to distribute of people with various places in the earth surface. The study of population represents an integral component of human geography. Population geography is the general field of population. This module offers students to get the knowledge of measuring of population density, population concentration and demographic features as well as age structure, fertility and mortality rate. The population number and age structure related to economic prospect of the country. This module focuses on population growth, population projection, demographic transition model, human population and global environment.

Learning Outcomes

• Understand how people live, how they may interact with one another, how they use the land by studying of population
• Comprehend population number is the significant factor of the economic development of a country and
• Observe how distribution, composition, migrations and growth of population are related to spatial variations in the nature of places.

Natural Resource Management and Conservation

Module No. Geog-5204

First Semester

Course Description

            This module is the study of the land resources and water resources of the world. There are two basic resources, one is renewable and the second is nonrenewalable resources. And then, it studies under what conditions of physical resources (fresh water and hydrological, irrigation, waterlogging and salinization, soil formation, soil erosion and mining and processing of fuel), biological resources (wildlife species and habitats, biodiversity, fisheries and forests) and human resources (human population and demographic change). This module concentrates on the importance sources of energy and water resources. It provides the resource management strategies. It focuses on resource management and sustainable development.

Learning Outcomes

• Introduce to about the natural resources resource management
• Know the categories of resources and usefulness of resources and
• Comprehend how to management and sustainable development of resources

Geospatial Technology: Remote Sensing

Module No. Geog-5205

First Semester

Course Description

               This module aims to introduce the fundamentals of remote sensing technology. It focuses the increasing use of satellite data within the geographical studies in both human and physical environment. This course is very practical and assumes no prior understanding RS, modeling, or the computing required to process data.  Computer base practical should be an integral part of the course and extend the lecture material. This module offers students a study of the distribution of natural resources and image data characteristics. This module focuses on the digital image classification method for identifying and classification features from image data. Students will have able to apply the applications of remote sensing imagery by doing exercises.

Learning Outcomes

• Have some knowledge of the different types of RS instruments
• Understand basic image representation and processing and
• Comprehend the nature of RS data and how they are acquired

Natural Hazards and Problems

Module No. Geog-5206

First Semester

Course Description

             The main aim of this module is the study of natural hazards and related problems. The students will be able to observe natural hazards into several broad categories: geological hazards, hydrological hazards, meteorological hazards and biological hazards. Students will be able to know the effect of natural disaster in the global and regional climatic change on the incidence of hazardous.  Natural disaster will lose of resources, security and access to shelter can lead to massive population migrations. This module studies human activities that influence many natural processes to produce or intensify hazards: greenhouse effect, drought and flood. Natural disaster cause additional problems that last after the disaster is done including problems with infrastructure, the environment and public health. Students will be able to observe the disaster management; how to manage pre disaster, during disaster and post disaster period such as public awareness, early warning, natural disasters and hazard mitigation, risk assessment, risk reduction and the stages of recovery following a disaster.

Learning Outcomes

• Understand the natural hazard and hazardous problems
• Comprehend the pre- hazard conditions, post hazard conditions and hazard management and
• Study human activities are influenced many natural environment and produced hazard problems

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Semester II

Total Credit = 24                                                                    Total hours  = 30                                                                    

Third Year (Honours)-Geography (Semester-II)

Core Courses               -  Geog 5207 (4)   Advanced Climatology

• Geog 5208 (4) Hydrology
• Geog 5209 (4) Transportation Geography

                                    -  Geog 5210 (4)   Spatial Analysis

                                    -  Geog 5211 (4)   Geospatial Technology: Geographic Information Systems            -                                   

                                    -  Geog 5212 (4)   Geography of Tourism

Advanced Climatology

Module No. Geog-5207

Second Semester

Course Description

                This module focuses on the study of climate patterns, climatic elements and climatic controlling factors, types of climate and their distribution on the world. Students will be able to understand the distribution pattern of soils and vegetation, water resources, and agriculture related to climate. This module provides the understanding of relation of climate to transportation and communication, and economic activities of the ground.

Learning Outcomes

• By studying the climatology, to understand the composition of atmosphere, solar radiation hydrologic cycle, pressure and wind
• And then, about to know atmospheric humidity, cloud formation processes and precipitation and frog and
• Comprehend the world climate change patterns, world climatic regions and distribution of climate.

Hydrology

Module No. Geog-5208

Second Semester

Course Description

          This module deals with world hydrological cycle, water resources and society. Students will study the occurrence, distribution and circulation of water, importance of water, soil water processes, runoff and subsurface drainage. This module then studies precipitation characteristics, evapotranspiration, stream processes, channel flow and soil conservation and sediment budget. This module will study the practical exercise on conducting and reporting hydrologic studies.

Learning Outcomes

• Bu studying Hydrology, to know definition of hydrology and processes of hydrologic cycle
• Scientific study of hydrology and understand groundwater conditions and
• Comprehend hydrology is relate to world climate pattern and water effect on human society and their economic activities.

Transportation Geography

Module No. Geog-5209

Second Semester

Course Description

              This module studies of transportation geography. This module traces spatial processes of transportation systems associated with the development of transportation system. This module deals with spatial structure, transportation modes, international trade and freight distribution, urban transportation. Movements of people, goods and information have always been fundamental components of human societies. Societies have become increasingly dependent on their transport systems to support a wide variety of activities. Developing transport systems has been a continuous challenge to satisfy mobility needs, to support economic development and to participate in the global economy.

Learning Outcomes

• By studying transportation geography, to understand transport represent one of the most important human activities worldwide
• To know transport create valuable links between region and economic activities between people and the rest of the world

Spatial Analysis

Module No. Geog-5210

Second Semester

Course Description

              This module focuses on a comprehensive review of quantitative geography. It aims to provide examples of recent research in quantitative geography. This module studies the development of techniques explicitly for spatial data analysis. Students, studying Spatial Analysis, will be able to learn the tools, methods, and software necessary for managing and analyzing geographic information. Students will become skilled in a variety of computer technologies through surveying, compiling the data, calculating technical mathematics, analyzing statistics, mapping and interpreting remote sensing data.

Learning Outcomes

           Spatial analysis can be done using various techniques with the aid of statistics and geographical information systems. A GIS facilitates attribute interaction with geographical data in order to enhance interpretation accuracy and prediction of spatial analysis (Gupta,2005).

Geospatial Technology: Geographic Information Systems

Module No. Geog-5211

Second Semester

Course Description

              Geospatial technology is useful for meaning a forest, routing vehicles, designing infrastructure networks, managing a city, designing a road, providing flood relief and many other managing spatial phenomena. Geospatial technology covers a number of fields including remote sensing, cartography, surveying and photogrammetry. But to integrate data from these different fields in geospatial technology, we rely on geographic information system.

Learning Outcomes

• To understand GIS has been important in natural resource management including the land use planning, natural hazard assessment, wildlife habitat analysis, monitoring and timber management.

Geography of Tourism

Module  No. Geog-5212

Second Semester

Course Description

            This course is designed to examine tourism as a global, national and local phenomenon, with economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental impacts. Also within the framework of a geographical analysis of the modern tourism phenomenon, this course explore the capitalistic nature of most travel and tourism production and consumption as well as the contribution of tourism to the analysis of territorial competition and economic restructuring. It will provide students with the nature of tourism around the world, defining characteristics, emphasizing personal experience, and understanding of World Tourism.

Learning Outcomes

• Describe the physical and cultural geographic basis for the location of tourism attractions and major destination areas.
• Possess a working knowledge of the geography of the world in relation to tourism and be able to locate areas on the map.
• Illustrate the relationship between the physical and cultural factors influencing tourism.
• Understand the characteristics of travel in individual destinations and regions and the factors influencing them.
• Understand the interrelation of geography and tourism and world travel patterns.

Semester I

Total Credit = 24                                                                    Total hours = 30                                                                     

Third Year (Honours)-Geography (Semester-I)

Core Courses               -  Geog 5201 (4)   The Nature of Philosophy and Geography

• Geog 5202 (4) Oceanography
• Geog 5203 (4) Population Geography

                                    -  Geog 5204 (4)   Natural Resource Management and Conservation

                                    -  Geog 5205 (4)   Geospatial Technology: Remote Sensing

                                    -  Geog 5206 (4)   Natural Hazards and Problems

The Nature of Philosophy and Geography

Module No. Geog-5201

First Semester

Course Description

          This module studies the Nature and Philosophy of Geography. This module studies spectrum of geographical thought and it concern the rise of physical determinism, the rise of possiblism, scientific determinism and criticisms. Moreover, student will be able to study the beginning of the modern geography and impact of Darwinian concept, Ellsworth Huntington’s view on climatic controls and regional concept and regional geography. The concept of region is one of the most fundamental concepts in geography.

Learning Outcomes

• To study geography of modern period,
• To understand routes to scientific explanation, realize model forms of explanation and
• Examine the models in geographic explanation.

Oceanography

Module No. Geog-5202

First Semester

Course Description

            This module is the study to know earth has big ocean with many features. Students will get the knowledge of the importance of ocean life and resources. This module offers students the investigation of deep water formation, water density, marine sediments, air-sea interaction, ocean circulation, wave and tide action, beaches and shoreline processes. Moreover, students will know the nature of ocean current, marine pollution, marine life and marine environment. This module support will be able to know biology of the oceans, nutrients in seawater, ocean acidification, color of the sea, ocean food webs, ocean life and resources and ocean pollution.

Learning Outcomes

• Understands the essential principles and fundamental concepts about the functioning of the ocean
• Study the ocean and life in the ocean shape the feature of the earth
• Comprehend the ocean is the major influence on weather and climate and
• Know the ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystem.

Population Geography

Module No. Geog-5203

First Semester

Course Description

           This module is the systemically study of human population. It focuses on the number of population, composition and distribution of population on the ground. Students will be able to observe how to distribute of people with various places in the earth surface. The study of population represents an integral component of human geography. Population geography is the general field of population. This module offers students to get the knowledge of measuring of population density, population concentration and demographic features as well as age structure, fertility and mortality rate. The population number and age structure related to economic prospect of the country. This module focuses on population growth, population projection, demographic transition model, human population and global environment.

Learning Outcomes

• Understand how people live, how they may interact with one another, how they use the land by studying of population
• Comprehend population number is the significant factor of the economic development of a country and
• Observe how distribution, composition, migrations and growth of population are related to spatial variations in the nature of places.

Natural Resource Management and Conservation

Module No. Geog-5204

First Semester

Course Description

            This module is the study of the land resources and water resources of the world. There are two basic resources, one is renewable and the second is nonrenewalable resources. And then, it studies under what conditions of physical resources (fresh water and hydrological, irrigation, waterlogging and salinization, soil formation, soil erosion and mining and processing of fuel), biological resources (wildlife species and habitats, biodiversity, fisheries and forests) and human resources (human population and demographic change). This module concentrates on the importance sources of energy and water resources. It provides the resource management strategies. It focuses on resource management and sustainable development.

Learning Outcomes

• Introduce to about the natural resources resource management
• Know the categories of resources and usefulness of resources and
• Comprehend how to management and sustainable development of resources

Geospatial Technology: Remote Sensing

Module No. Geog-5205

First Semester

Course Description

               This module aims to introduce the fundamentals of remote sensing technology. It focuses the increasing use of satellite data within the geographical studies in both human and physical environment. This course is very practical and assumes no prior understanding RS, modeling, or the computing required to process data.  Computer base practical should be an integral part of the course and extend the lecture material. This module offers students a study of the distribution of natural resources and image data characteristics. This module focuses on the digital image classification method for identifying and classification features from image data. Students will have able to apply the applications of remote sensing imagery by doing exercises.

Learning Outcomes

• Have some knowledge of the different types of RS instruments
• Understand basic image representation and processing and
• Comprehend the nature of RS data and how they are acquired

Natural Hazards and Problems

Module No. Geog-5206

First Semester

Course Description

             The main aim of this module is the study of natural hazards and related problems. The students will be able to observe natural hazards into several broad categories: geological hazards, hydrological hazards, meteorological hazards and biological hazards. Students will be able to know the effect of natural disaster in the global and regional climatic change on the incidence of hazardous.  Natural disaster will lose of resources, security and access to shelter can lead to massive population migrations. This module studies human activities that influence many natural processes to produce or intensify hazards: greenhouse effect, drought and flood. Natural disaster cause additional problems that last after the disaster is done including problems with infrastructure, the environment and public health. Students will be able to observe the disaster management; how to manage pre disaster, during disaster and post disaster period such as public awareness, early warning, natural disasters and hazard mitigation, risk assessment, risk reduction and the stages of recovery following a disaster.

Learning Outcomes

• Understand the natural hazard and hazardous problems
• Comprehend the pre- hazard conditions, post hazard conditions and hazard management and
• Study human activities are influenced many natural environment and produced hazard problems

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Semester II

Total Credit = 24                                                                    Total hours  = 30                                                                    

Third Year (Honours)-Geography (Semester-II)

Core Courses               -  Geog 5207 (4)   Advanced Climatology

• Geog 5208 (4) Hydrology
• Geog 5209 (4) Transportation Geography

                                    -  Geog 5210 (4)   Spatial Analysis

                                    -  Geog 5211 (4)   Geospatial Technology: Geographic Information Systems            -                                   

                                    -  Geog 5212 (4)   Geography of Tourism

Advanced Climatology

Module No. Geog-5207

Second Semester

Course Description

                This module focuses on the study of climate patterns, climatic elements and climatic controlling factors, types of climate and their distribution on the world. Students will be able to understand the distribution pattern of soils and vegetation, water resources, and agriculture related to climate. This module provides the understanding of relation of climate to transportation and communication, and economic activities of the ground.

Learning Outcomes

• By studying the climatology, to understand the composition of atmosphere, solar radiation hydrologic cycle, pressure and wind
• And then, about to know atmospheric humidity, cloud formation processes and precipitation and frog and
• Comprehend the world climate change patterns, world climatic regions and distribution of climate.

Hydrology

Module No. Geog-5208

Second Semester

Course Description

          This module deals with world hydrological cycle, water resources and society. Students will study the occurrence, distribution and circulation of water, importance of water, soil water processes, runoff and subsurface drainage. This module then studies precipitation characteristics, evapotranspiration, stream processes, channel flow and soil conservation and sediment budget. This module will study the practical exercise on conducting and reporting hydrologic studies.

Learning Outcomes

• Bu studying Hydrology, to know definition of hydrology and processes of hydrologic cycle
• Scientific study of hydrology and understand groundwater conditions and
• Comprehend hydrology is relate to world climate pattern and water effect on human society and their economic activities.

Transportation Geography

Module No. Geog-5209

Second Semester

Course Description

              This module studies of transportation geography. This module traces spatial processes of transportation systems associated with the development of transportation system. This module deals with spatial structure, transportation modes, international trade and freight distribution, urban transportation. Movements of people, goods and information have always been fundamental components of human societies. Societies have become increasingly dependent on their transport systems to support a wide variety of activities. Developing transport systems has been a continuous challenge to satisfy mobility needs, to support economic development and to participate in the global economy.

Learning Outcomes

• By studying transportation geography, to understand transport represent one of the most important human activities worldwide
• To know transport create valuable links between region and economic activities between people and the rest of the world

Spatial Analysis

Module No. Geog-5210

Second Semester

Course Description

              This module focuses on a comprehensive review of quantitative geography. It aims to provide examples of recent research in quantitative geography. This module studies the development of techniques explicitly for spatial data analysis. Students, studying Spatial Analysis, will be able to learn the tools, methods, and software necessary for managing and analyzing geographic information. Students will become skilled in a variety of computer technologies through surveying, compiling the data, calculating technical mathematics, analyzing statistics, mapping and interpreting remote sensing data.

Learning Outcomes

           Spatial analysis can be done using various techniques with the aid of statistics and geographical information systems. A GIS facilitates attribute interaction with geographical data in order to enhance interpretation accuracy and prediction of spatial analysis (Gupta,2005).

Geospatial Technology: Geographic Information Systems

Module No. Geog-5211

Second Semester

Course Description

              Geospatial technology is useful for meaning a forest, routing vehicles, designing infrastructure networks, managing a city, designing a road, providing flood relief and many other managing spatial phenomena. Geospatial technology covers a number of fields including remote sensing, cartography, surveying and photogrammetry. But to integrate data from these different fields in geospatial technology, we rely on geographic information system.

Learning Outcomes

• To understand GIS has been important in natural resource management including the land use planning, natural hazard assessment, wildlife habitat analysis, monitoring and timber management.

Geography of Tourism

Module  No. Geog-5212

Second Semester

Course Description

            This course is designed to examine tourism as a global, national and local phenomenon, with economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental impacts. Also within the framework of a geographical analysis of the modern tourism phenomenon, this course explore the capitalistic nature of most travel and tourism production and consumption as well as the contribution of tourism to the analysis of territorial competition and economic restructuring. It will provide students with the nature of tourism around the world, defining characteristics, emphasizing personal experience, and understanding of World Tourism.

Learning Outcomes

• Describe the physical and cultural geographic basis for the location of tourism attractions and major destination areas.
• Possess a working knowledge of the geography of the world in relation to tourism and be able to locate areas on the map.
• Illustrate the relationship between the physical and cultural factors influencing tourism.
• Understand the characteristics of travel in individual destinations and regions and the factors influencing them.
• Understand the interrelation of geography and tourism and world travel patterns.

Semester I

Total Credit - 16 points;                         

Total Hours - 28

Quantitative Ecology

Module No. MS. 611

1^st Semester

Course Description

Ecological community data, Spatial pattern analysis, Species abundance relationships, Species affinity, Community classification, Pattern of community, Community ordination, Community interpretation, Community analysis, Population growth form and concept of carrying capacity, population fluctuations, predator prey relationships, population dispersal, population regulation and the concept of density dependent and independent factors, Bioenergetics, energy flow in population, community of marine environment, Concept of biological dominance.

Learning Outcomes

1. To obtain a working knowledge of several statistical methods commonly used in ecology;
2. To identify a wide variety of dependent data structures.

Oceanography of the Marginal Seas

Module No. MS. 612

1^st Semester

Course Description

Definition and variety of Marginal Seas; Marginal seas of the world oceans. Marginal seas in the Indian Ocean: Physical oceanography of BOB; Chemical oceanography of BOB; Biological oceanography of BOB; Physical oceanography of Arabian sea; Chemical oceanography of the Arabian Sea; Biological oceanography of the Arabian Sea; Biological differences between the BOB and Arabian Sea; Characteristics of the Andaman sea; Circulation of the Mediterranean sea; The Red sea and Persian Gulf. 

Learning Outcomes

1. To understand the basic oceanography of the Marginal seas of the world oceans.
2. Get knowledge on important ecosystems and the key role of the each of the Marginal seas.
3. Be aware of the impact of biotic and abiotic factors; and describe potential threats of climate change, pollution and harvesting activities to the marine environment.

Biology of Large Marine Mammals

Module No. MS. 613

1^st Semester

Course Description

Types of marine mammals: Pinnipedia, Carnivora, Sirenia, Cetacea; Growth and development of marine mammal: General aspects of growth: Cetacea, Pinnipedia, Sirenia, Development of tissues, skin, adipose tissue, musculature, skeletal system, blood; Development of viscera: alimentary tract, liver, pancreas, trachea and lungs, kidney and bladder, heart, brain, eyes;  Topics include physiological adaptations: phylogeny and evolution, behavior; Types of behavior of marine mammals: Swimming and diving behavior, Feeding behavior, Echolocation, Migrations, Reproduction, Communication; Ecology and zoogeography; Introduction to a broad range of research and conservation topics associated with marine mammals; ecology, population dynamics and conservation.

Learning Outcomes

1. To appreciate marine mammal diversity and biogeography
2. To understand how mammals adapt and function in an aquatic environment and their role in the marine ecosystem
3. To understand and appreciate the complexity of interactions between environmental selective pressures and marine mammal behavior, population structure and demography
4. To appreciate the socio-ecological diversity and behavioral complexity of marine mammals
5. To think analytically in terms of marine mammal ecology and anthropogenic impacts in the rapidly changing world

Advanced Phycology

Module No. MS. 614

1^st Semester

Course Description

Advances in systematics based on morphotaxonomy, or molecular taxonomy, phylogeny, or cytology, karyology, fine structures, chemotaxonomy, the developmental processes, ontogeny and the life history studies controlled by some environmental parameters in the lab, phytogeographical distribution, and  phytosocialogical and phenological studies in the field on the selected taxa: Cyanophyta (= Cyanobacteria): The principle characteristics, size and distribution of the division, structures and properties of blue green algae, taxonomic assessments on systematics; Rhodophyta (The red algae): The principle characteristics, size and distribution of the division, structures and properties of the red algae, taxonomic assessments on systematics; Heterokontophyta  (The phytoplankton and brown algae): The principle characteristics, size and distribution of the division, structures and properties of the phytoplankton and the brown algae, taxonomic assessments on systematics; Chlorophyta (The green algae): The principle characteristics, size and distribution of the division, structures and properties of the green algae, taxonomic assessments on systematics. Seminars on the current topics pertaining to cytology, karyology, fine structures, chemotaxonomy and molecular taxonomy of the selected taxa; Seminars on the current topics pertaining to phytosociological studies of the selected taxa; Assignments on the systematics of the selected taxa. Special topics currently necessitate for local needs.

Learning Outcomes

• the biology, diversity and evolution of marine plants and protists
• the role of algae in marine ecosystems
• practical skills in identifying common seaweeds and marine protists
• practical skills in processing, preserving and culturing marine plants and plankton
• the diverse cell biology of marine protists

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Semester II

Total Credit - 16 points;                                   

Total Hours - 28

Evolutionary Biology

Module No. MS. 621

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Fundamental concepts in biogeography (dispersal, vicariance, distribution areas, endemism); Species concepts, speciation, plant speciation in the sea, affinities of important plants. Biogeography  centres of origin; ancestral areas; panbiogeography; Cladistic biogeography; analyses of endemicity (parsimony analysis of endemicity and biotic element analysis); Event-based methods (reconciled trees/maximum cospeciation, dispersal-vicariance analysis); Zoogeography of the sea, area and scope of marine biogeography, major zoogeographical regions of the sea, detailed studies of Indo-Pacific Regions; Distribution of warm water shelf fauna; The main bio-geographical regions of the ocean, Indo-west Pacific region, centre of biodiversity in the Indian Ocean; Indo-Malay sub-region, concept of biopolarity in distribution of marine faunas; Speciation and biogeography; Phylogeography; experimental biogeography.

Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate broad-based knowledge of the fundamentals of concepts in biogeography
2. Demonstrate skills in the observation and experimental study of organisms, using both field-based and literatures-based approaches for Evolutionary Biology

Marine Microbiology

Module No. MS. 622

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Define marine microbiology, marine microorganisms: bacteria and diatom in hydrobiology, blue-green algae, dinoflagellates, flagellates, ciliates, fungi, marine viruses, yeast in the sea; Marine microbial habitats: estuaries, mangroves, sediments, salt marshes, reef and coral reefs; Prokaryotic cell structure and function: size, shape and arrangement, prokaryotic cell organization, peptidoglycan structure, Gram-positive cell walls, Gram-negative cell walls, the mechanism of gram staining, the cell wall and osmotic protection, components external to the cell wall; capsules, flagella and motility, chemotaxis, movement of prokaryotic cells; mechanisms of locomotion in bacteria, attachment of prokaryotic cells, storage of genetic information in prokaryotic cells, systhesis of protein in prokaryotic cells; Eucaryotic cell structure and function: the cytoplasmic matrix, the endoplasmic reticulum, the nucleus and cell division; Comparison of Structural and Functional Features of Prokaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells: Microbial nutrition; Common nutrient requirements, nutrition types of micro-organisms, requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur, growth factors, uptake of nutrients by the cell, facillated diffusion, active transport, group translocation, iron uptake, culture media, modes of microbial growth, physiology and contribution to ocean process, microbial metabolism; Impacts of marine pollution on marine ecosystems and community structure; Biomonitoring and bioremediation of marine pollutants; Biomonitoring, bioremediation; bioremediation of metals mediated by marine bacteria, biodegradation, waste water treatment plants; Marine environment and public health management.

Learning Outcomes

1. To provide the basic knowledge on the biology and ecology of marine microorganisms, and their ecological role.
2. To provide the study methods which is the main modern techniques for the characterization and study of microorganisms and marine microbial communities

Marine Bioactive Substances

Module No. MS. 623

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Marine Bioactive Agents: Chemical and Cellular correlates; Antibiotic activity of Sea water, Cyanophyta (Blue – green algae): (Systematic, Extraction, Structures, properties, Action), Pyrrophyta and Cryptophyta (Dinoflagellates and Cryptomonads), Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta (Green, brown and red algae), Porifera (Sponges), Cnidaria (Hydrozoans, Jellyfish, Coral, Sea anemone), Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chrodata, Special topics pertaining to the current needs; Classification of secondary metabolites; Fhenolic compounds; Lignin, flavonoids and anthocyanins; The compounds with nitrogen; Terpens: The roles of terpens on growth and development; Defense of plant to pathogens.

Learning Outcomes

1. Deals the evolution of Chemistry of Marine Natural Products in the field of bioprospection, extraction, isolation, and structure elucidation.
2. Get a broad knowledge of several classes of secondary metabolites produced by marine macro- and microorganisms as well as their potential applications in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries.

Conservation of Marine Biodiversity

Module No. MS. 624

2^nd Semester

Course Description

Introduction in marine ecology; eco-clines and marine biogeography; chemical-physical factors and the abiotic environment; biodiversity; phytoplankton, pigments and storage components; toxic microalga; photosynthesis; growth rate and respiration of microalgae; limiting and controlling factors of algal growth; heterotrophic plankton; grouping of plankton; functional plankton groups; feed uptake, metabolism and energetics; decomposition chain; trophic level, -transfers, and -efficiency; population dynamics in planktonic communities; global marine production; aquaculture and fisheries; carbon pump and climate, disturbing impacts on marine ecosystems, principles for conservation of marine ecosystems.

Learning Outcomes

1. General definitions and concepts of marine ecology and biodiversity
2. Geographic patterns of organisms and the abiotic marine environment
3. Plankton and nekton organisms of marine ecosystems, with a focus on functional groups
4. Photosynthesis of autotrophic plankton
5. Decomposition of organic material and food web dynamics
6. Various sources of impacts on marine ecosystems
7. Goals and methods for conservation of marine ecosystems

Semester I

Distribution of Marks for Rserch Activities I

Distribution of Marks for Rserch Activities II

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Semester II

Distribution of Marks for Rserch Activities III

Distribution of Marks for Rserch Activities IV